Pollution
Is the introduction of pollutants into the environment that causes instability and turmoil, or damage to the ecosystem of any physical systems of living organisms, and pollution can take the form of chemicals, or energy, such as noise, heat or light energy. May be contaminants and pollution elements materials or external power sources, or it may occur naturally. When naturally occurring, they are considered contaminants when they exceed natural levels. Pollution often classified into two types; point source pollution, or pollution is not a source point. Blacksmith Institute issued a list of the most polluted places in the world. In prepared in 2007, occupied the top ten places on the list are places in Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Peru, Russia, Zambia, China and India.
Elements of environmental pollution
Consistent all tariffs on environmental protection - in general - that the pollution of the environment is based on three main elements are the following :
A change in the environment, and that is this change by rights, and causing or likely to cause damage to the environment.
Accordingly , we will bring these elements as follows
1 - a change in the environment or the natural environment:
Whether this medium water or air, and this change begins its features happen imbalance innate or natural between elements of the environment and its components, the disappearance of some of them, or a lack of size and proportions, compared with others, as is the first, or impact on the quality of those elements or characteristics .This pollution is achieved due to the introduction of pollutants (solid, liquid or gaseous) or energy in whatever form such as heat or radiation, in the natural environment, and called this material contaminants which are substances or energy into the environment, he spoke disturbances in ecosystems different and cause damage affects objects organisms.
2 - The presence foreign hand behind this change:
They hand exercise impact in bringing about change, directly or indirectly, and often said that the hand is the work of man (Acts of man) for example, conduct nuclear explosions and the spread of dust, which produces because of these bombings to distant areas, fumes factories, emptying toxic waste in waters of the seas and oceans or buried waste in the ground .. Etc ..These phenomena affect the ecological balance, and threaten some natural components of the environment and mass annihilation.
3 - append or potential damage to the environment:
Altering the environment, whatever its source, may not draw attention, if you do not have negative consequences on the ecosystem or environmental, is to eliminate some of the components and the natural elements of the environment, and necessary for human life and all other objects. What matters, then the outcome of the change caused by human action, it must be harmful to the environment or to change one of its elements, and this is reflected harmless to humans and living organisms and non-living. This change may be quantified by adding or increasing some natural ingredients environmental media, such as increasing the proportion of carbon dioxide from per usual in the air, it may be this change qualitatively the result of adding compounds curious about natural systems environmental terms has never been in the sessions, and for example, pesticides chemicals that accumulate in the soil or water causing pollution
Types of environmental pollution given the nature of the contamination
Divides pollution in view of the nature or given the type of contaminant, into three main types: biological contamination, radioactive contamination, chemical contamination:
Biological contamination
Biological contamination is one of the oldest images of pollution known to man, and this arises pollution as a result of the presence of organisms, visible or invisible, plant or animal, in environmental media such as water, air or soil, bacteria, fungi and other. These objects appear either in the form of decadent or materials composed of atoms, either in the form of living objects evolve from one form to another in a rolling cycle continuously. The lead mixing pathogenic organisms, the food that he eats or water which he drinks or the air he breathes, to a biological contamination and the consequent adverse effects, just as water is needed and necessary to sustain life, it may be the cause of eradicating them, if they used contaminated spores transmitted diseases on the way, and recall, for example typhoid, cholera and malaria. As well as the disposal of sewage and drainage - before being processed chemically - dumping in freshwater resources, lead to the destruction of aquatic life, animal and vegetable, in these resources, as well as endangering drinking water pollution, and the spread of intestinal diseases and others. As well as the reasons for the spread of biological contamination, the spread of household garbage in the streets, without regard to the rules of health, in the collection, transportation and disposal of garbage in a scientific way, all this leads to a proliferation of flies, insects and the spread of many diseases and epidemics. As well as the causes of biological contamination leaving dead animals in the open or dumped in water resources, as well as failure to follow the roads in the maintenance of health foods for food industry companies and dairy foods and restaurants displays of pollution, and the transmission of diseases by eating these foods
Radioactive contamination
A very dangerous species means leakage of radioactive materials to one of the components of the environment, water, soil and air, and so on. The radioactive material is divided into two main sections: the first type is of a positive nature radiation (electromagnetic) gamma and X-rays are common in scientific uses, but this type of radioactive material high capacity to penetrate the body's tissues to a distance. The second type is radiation nature autosomal alpha and beta rays, but this type of radioactive materials less able to penetrate the human body from the first type, the inhalation of dust contains a substance radiate alpha or beta rays that would happen irreparable damage in the cells that absorbed . The radioactive contamination of the most dangerous types of environmental pollution in our time, where he did not see nor smell nor feel at ease and pleased transmitted radiation and sneaking to organisms everywhere without any resistance, and without evidence of his presence, and without a trace in the first place. When you reach the radioactive material into the cells of the body, occur visible and invisible damage claim often human life and radioactive contamination may occur from natural sources كالأشعة issued from outer space, and radioactive gases rising from the earth's crust. Or sources of human-induced industrial such as nuclear power plants and nuclear reactors and radioisotope used in industry, agriculture, medicine or other. The risk of radioactive contamination began to worsen, after a nuclear reactor accidents and the resulting serious consequences.
Chemical contamination
Called the name of the chemical pollution, the pollution of some chemicals that have been manufactured for special purposes, or that he had received in the waterways with the remnants of the industry, and this type of pollution is very serious effects on the various components of the environment. He developed the effects of this type of pollution is clearly, in the second half of the twentieth century, as a result of massive industrial progress witnessed, especially in the field of chemical industries, and as a result took a lot of countries in ways that modern technology in every area. One of the most important chemical compounds polluting the environment, and harmful to human health and the safety of the environment, mercury compounds, cadmium and arsenic, cyanide compounds, pesticides and chemical fertilizers, oil and others. These materials are either industrial waste activities or products of combustion or chemical molecules used by rights in its various agricultural or service sectors. The up chemical contamination to food, through the use of chemical preservatives in canning and food industries, as well as the use of colors and tints and Flavors taste and odor in the food industry, has been proven beyond a shadow of doubt, the role of these substances in the cause malignant tumors. It contaminants serious, lead, and finds its source in the fuel petrol cars a leaded, and coal combustion, as well as hydrogen sulfide, a poisonous gas produced from the petroleum refining industry, rubber industry and leather industries, all of which affect the nervous system and respiratory. Chemical contamination may occur as a result of industrial accidents in factories, and the failure to take necessary precautions to prevent such kind of incidents. The eye of Industrial Accidents world's attention to pollution incident because of it, and paid a lot of bodies and governments to pay attention to the need to develop an international program includes developing systems safe and Court, relating to manufacture chemicals, and methods of transport and storage, and censoring permanent them to preserve the lives of workers in these plants, and to preserve on the environment surrounding these industries.
Types of environmental pollution given source
Pollution is divided on the basis of source into two types: natural pollution and industrial pollution.
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