Pollution
Is the introduction of pollutants into the environment that causes instability and turmoil, or damage to the ecosystem of any physical systems of living organisms, and pollution can take the form of chemicals, or energy, such as noise, heat or light energy. May be contaminants and pollution elements materials or external power sources, or it may occur naturally. When naturally occurring, they are considered contaminants when they exceed natural levels. Pollution often classified into two types; point source pollution, or pollution is not a source point. Blacksmith Institute issued a list of the most polluted places in the world. In prepared in 2007, occupied the top ten places on the list are places in Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Peru, Russia, Zambia, China and India.

Elements of environmental pollution

Consistent all tariffs on environmental protection - in general - that the pollution of the environment is based on three main elements are the following :
A change in the environment, and that is this change by rights, and causing or likely to cause damage to the environment.
Accordingly , we will bring these elements as follows

1 - a change in the environment or the natural environment:


Whether this medium water or air, and this change begins its features happen imbalance innate or natural between elements of the environment and its components, the disappearance of some of them, or a lack of size and proportions, compared with others, as is the first, or impact on the quality of those elements or characteristics .This pollution is achieved due to the introduction of pollutants (solid, liquid or gaseous) or energy in whatever form such as heat or radiation, in the natural environment, and called this material contaminants which are substances or energy into the environment, he spoke disturbances in ecosystems different and cause damage affects objects organisms.

2 - The presence foreign hand behind this change:

They hand exercise impact in bringing about change, directly or indirectly, and often said that the hand is the work of man (Acts of man) for example, conduct nuclear explosions and the spread of dust, which produces because of these bombings to distant areas, fumes factories, emptying toxic waste in waters of the seas and oceans or buried waste in the ground .. Etc ..These phenomena affect the ecological balance, and threaten some natural components of the environment and mass annihilation.

3 - append or potential damage to the environment:

Altering the environment, whatever its source, may not draw attention, if you do not have negative consequences on the ecosystem or environmental, is to eliminate some of the components and the natural elements of the environment, and necessary for human life and all other objects. What matters, then the outcome of the change caused by human action, it must be harmful to the environment or to change one of its elements, and this is reflected harmless to humans and living organisms and non-living. This change may be quantified by adding or increasing some natural ingredients environmental media, such as increasing the proportion of carbon dioxide from per usual in the air, it may be this change qualitatively the result of adding compounds curious about natural systems environmental terms has never been in the sessions, and for example, pesticides chemicals that accumulate in the soil or water causing pollution

Types of environmental pollution given the nature of the contamination

Divides pollution in view of the nature or given the type of contaminant, into three main types: biological contamination, radioactive contamination, chemical contamination:

Biological contamination

Biological contamination is one of the oldest images of pollution known to man, and this arises pollution as a result of the presence of organisms, visible or invisible, plant or animal, in environmental media such as water, air or soil, bacteria, fungi and other. These objects appear either in the form of decadent or materials composed of atoms, either in the form of living objects evolve from one form to another in a rolling cycle continuously. The lead mixing pathogenic organisms, the food that he eats or water which he drinks or the air he breathes, to a biological contamination and the consequent adverse effects, just as water is needed and necessary to sustain life, it may be the cause of eradicating them, if they used contaminated spores transmitted diseases on the way, and recall, for example typhoid, cholera and malaria. As well as the disposal of sewage and drainage - before being processed chemically - dumping in freshwater resources, lead to the destruction of aquatic life, animal and vegetable, in these resources, as well as endangering drinking water pollution, and the spread of intestinal diseases and others. As well as the reasons for the spread of biological contamination, the spread of household garbage in the streets, without regard to the rules of health, in the collection, transportation and disposal of garbage in a scientific way, all this leads to a proliferation of flies, insects and the spread of many diseases and epidemics. As well as the causes of biological contamination leaving dead animals in the open or dumped in water resources, as well as failure to follow the roads in the maintenance of health foods for food industry companies and dairy foods and restaurants displays of pollution, and the transmission of diseases by eating these foods

Radioactive contamination

A very dangerous species means leakage of radioactive materials to one of the components of the environment, water, soil and air, and so on. The radioactive material is divided into two main sections: the first type is of a positive nature radiation (electromagnetic) gamma and X-rays are common in scientific uses, but this type of radioactive material high capacity to penetrate the body's tissues to a distance. The second type is radiation nature autosomal alpha and beta rays, but this type of radioactive materials less able to penetrate the human body from the first type, the inhalation of dust contains a substance radiate alpha or beta rays that would happen irreparable damage in the cells that absorbed . The radioactive contamination of the most dangerous types of environmental pollution in our time, where he did not see nor smell nor feel at ease and pleased transmitted radiation and sneaking to organisms everywhere without any resistance, and without evidence of his presence, and without a trace in the first place. When you reach the radioactive material into the cells of the body, occur visible and invisible damage claim often human life and radioactive contamination may occur from natural sources كالأشعة issued from outer space, and radioactive gases rising from the earth's crust. Or sources of human-induced industrial such as nuclear power plants and nuclear reactors and radioisotope used in industry, agriculture, medicine or other. The risk of radioactive contamination began to worsen, after a nuclear reactor accidents and the resulting serious consequences.

Chemical contamination

Called the name of the chemical pollution, the pollution of some chemicals that have been manufactured for special purposes, or that he had received in the waterways with the remnants of the industry, and this type of pollution is very serious effects on the various components of the environment. He developed the effects of this type of pollution is clearly, in the second half of the twentieth century, as a result of massive industrial progress witnessed, especially in the field of chemical industries, and as a result took a lot of countries in ways that modern technology in every area. One of the most important chemical compounds polluting the environment, and harmful to human health and the safety of the environment, mercury compounds, cadmium and arsenic, cyanide compounds, pesticides and chemical fertilizers, oil and others. These materials are either industrial waste activities or products of combustion or chemical molecules used by rights in its various agricultural or service sectors. The up chemical contamination to food, through the use of chemical preservatives in canning and food industries, as well as the use of colors and tints and Flavors taste and odor in the food industry, has been proven beyond a shadow of doubt, the role of these substances in the cause malignant tumors. It contaminants serious, lead, and finds its source in the fuel petrol cars a leaded, and coal combustion, as well as hydrogen sulfide, a poisonous gas produced from the petroleum refining industry, rubber industry and leather industries, all of which affect the nervous system and respiratory. Chemical contamination may occur as a result of industrial accidents in factories, and the failure to take necessary precautions to prevent such kind of incidents. The eye of Industrial Accidents world's attention to pollution incident because of it, and paid a lot of bodies and governments to pay attention to the need to develop an international program includes developing systems safe and Court, relating to manufacture chemicals, and methods of transport and storage, and censoring permanent them to preserve the lives of workers in these plants, and to preserve on the environment surrounding these industries.

Types of environmental pollution given source

Pollution is divided on the basis of source into two types: natural pollution and industrial pollution.

continue

Natural pollution

It pollution that finds its source in the natural phenomena that occur from time to time Last Kalprakin, and lightning, and storms that may carry with them enormous amounts of sand and dust, damage plants and crops. Pollution permission natural sources of natural origin, nor for the person, and then is difficult to control such pollution or predictable and fully control it. This contamination exists since ancient times without creating a worrying phenomenon for humans. Since the law does not concern itself only with deeds issued by rights, so it can not be normal contamination, subject to address legal, and is fit to be part of the legal regulation of environmental protection. And the importance of pollution natural law is limited to what must be done to meet its harmful to human health and the organisms, caused by natural elements and factors, which can be mistaken for the embodiment of nature's fury.

Industrial Pollution

Produces industrial pollution of human action and activity, and finds its source in human activities industrial, service and entertainment, etc., and uses the growing manifestations of modern technology and innovations different. () It goes without saying that industrial activities are responsible entirely for the emergence of the problem of pollution in our time, and reached such a degree of serious that threaten life and human survival on Earth. One of the most important sources of industrial pollution: industrial and commercial waste and, factory chimneys .And materials and vehicles become involved in this type of polluting and harmful, if there are multiple factors including:
Region emitted or disposition total quantity to them, and the time period that are placed where in the environment, and the degree of concentration of these materials or vehicles, physical and chemical properties and biological materials mentioned, properties bacterial her susceptibility to degradation and absorption in the middle you put it, the chemical reactions to it, so toxic and dangerous materials and vehicles for organisms and humans.

And industrial pollutants are divided into three types:

Solid pollutants are those pollutants from many industries compact soil caused by the cement industry, for example, and liquid pollutants solvents, chemicals that are thrown out of factories in the waterways, and gaseous pollutants harmful gases and fumes rising from the chimneys of factories and oil refineries.

Major forms of pollution and contaminated areas Home

Below is a list of the most important forms of pollution with specific pollutants form them:

Air Pollution

Release of chemicals and particles in the atmosphere. Gaseous air pollutants commonly include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons nitrogen oxide produced by industry and launched automobile engines. Ozone and smog be in the form of nitrogen oxides hydrocarbon and affect the sun's rays. Particulate matter, as well as led industrial progress to bring enormous pressure on many of the natural resources, is no longer the environment able to renew their resources, consumption waste resulting from human activities different the smoke rising from car exhausts and factory chimneys and power plants to add to some impurities or fumes heavy metals such as lead led to pollution air, where the remainder of these fumes hung in the air for several days, this is what we call smog, and serious implications not appear on the rights directly, but in the long run to dementia and dementia disorder attention, memory and illusions, some of which lead to mental retardation and depression, including What affects the respiratory system. The air pollution here cause rainy days what we call rain sour a phenomenon drew attention to it after that inflicted damage many wealth of agriculture and animal and fish according cycle of nature and the food chain, and according to the movement of air moves pollution from one place to another, and geographical environment to another, with melt plankton in water vapor airborne, returning again to the soil, and if we add to this the dumping of waste, including waste Adamic, and industrial wastes and products of chemical highly toxic in waterways, to realize the size of the tragedy experienced by the environment because facts rights and ignorance harms done despite progress and increase consciousness and knowledge .

Water Pollution

The freshwater is the lifeblood of most organisms, and are freshwater (3%) of the total volume of the Earth's water, and this ratio despite enlist, they face problematic many is the steady deterioration in the quality and suitability to meet the uses their intended, because of pollution from various major activities, and massive industrial coup, and the population explosion and other reasons that led to the pollution of the water and make it unfit for use for life. The waste and pollutants to the runoff toward sewage into the river, into groundwater, liquid spills, wastewater discharges

Soil contamination

Some known soil contamination that «corruption, which affects soil Wager of natural characteristics and properties, chemical or biological weapons, or alter the composition of it negatively affect - directly or indirectly - of living on the surface of human, animal and plant.(Happens soil contamination from chemicals that spilled or leaked underground. Among the most important causes of contaminated soil (soil contaminant) are hydrocarbons, heavy metals and there are reasons and many sources lead to contamination of soil, the contaminated soil as a result of the fall of acid rain on them, or as a result of the fall fallout resulting from nuclear explosions caused by the human on the planet. as it may be contaminated soil with agricultural pesticides leading to inflict the heaviest damage to soil characteristics, which would be reflected negatively on human food in one., Herbicides, pesticides and hydrocarbons by chlorine

Radioactive contamination

Resulting from the activities of the twentieth century in atomic physics, such as nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons research, manufacture and deployment. (See: source alpha in the environment is no less pollution radiation danger for others, it is due seriousness the body is exposed to radiation to ionize the contents of the body, where interact ionizing radiation with components of a living cell, which leads to the disruption of its normal, and accumulate these rays in the human body updated major imbalance growing danger sooner distance between the body and the radiation source, and the longer exposure. As for the effects subversive and destructive health physical and psychological, they affect the work thyroid glands, causing weakness and poor attention, lack of concentration, sleep too much if Say hormone secretion, and cause nervous irritability, sleep disorders and metabolism food if increased secretion of this hormone, Add to that the sabotage seriously and breathing apparatus and other.

Noise pollution

Which includes road noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-intensity sonar. The pollution nosily one types of pollution dangerous, especially in big cities where extends to pollute feelings and disable thinking, perception and the senses, which leads to fatigue and sleep disorders and to a state of tension, increasing blood cholesterol, and disturbed the work of the endocrine leaved psychological effects and neurological serious, simplest irritability and cognitive disorder and senses. has been used by the Nazis and the Zionists pollution

Light pollution

Infringement includes light, excessive lighting and overlaps astronomical

Visual pollution

Which can be referred to the existence of overhead power lines, billboards on the motorway, lowlands (such as that of strip mining), open waste storage areas or solid waste.

Thermal pollution

the change in temperature of the natural water bodies resulting from human influence, such as the use of cooling water in a power plant. Blacksmith Institute issues annually a list of the worst polluted places. Issued in 2007 top ten candidates issues in Azerbaijan, China, India, Peru, Russia, Ukraine and Zambia.

cancer as well as birth defects


continue

Sources and reasons

Air pollution comes from both natural sources and man-made. Albeit man-made at the global level, it is combustion pollutants, construction, mining, agriculture, and the image of war increasingly in the equation of air pollution. Motor vehicle emissions are one of the main reasons for air pollution. China, the United States, Russia, Mexico and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution and emissions. Sources stations major pollution include factories chemicals, power plants with coal, oil refineries petrochemical plants, nuclear waste disposal activity, burning, and large farms for poultry and dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry, etc., polyvinyl chloride plants plastic, and factories producing metals and plastics factories and other of heavy industry. Air pollution agricultural comes from contemporary practices, which include logging and burning natural vegetation as well as spraying insecticides and herbicides of the most persistent soil common soil are hydrocarbons that have chlorine, heavy metals, heavy metals such as chromium, cadmium - found in rechargeable batteries shipping nickel-cadmium batteries Lead - found in paint, jet fuel and still in some countries, gasoline, zinc, zinc, arsenic and benzene. In 2001 revealed a series of press reports that the harvest in the book concluded fateful unveiled a widespread practice for manure recycling of industrial products, which led to the pollution of the soil with various metals. Landfill shoddy associated with cities are the source of many of the chemicals that go into the soil and the environment (and often groundwater), stemming from the refusal comprehensive and widely, especially materials placed illegally, or of tombs that may be subject to limited control in the U.S. Nations or the European Union, in the period before 1970. There were also some versions unusual, and called dioxins for simplicity, such as the pollution could also be a result of a natural disaster. For example, hurricane often involves infections water and sanitation, and spills petrochemical spills from broken boats BC or car is not uncommon to be environmental damage as standards when there is oil platforms coastal or oil refineries oil platforms refinery some sources of pollution, such as nuclear power plants or oil tankers, can produce widespread releases dangerous results when accidents. In the case of noise pollution the dominant source is auto producing about ninety percent of all unwanted noise worldwide.

Effects

Overview of the most important health effects on the human body of the main sources of pollution

Human health

Air quality is inappropriate can kill many organisms including humans. Ozone pollution can cause respiratory disease, heart disease and blood vessels, throat inflammation, chest pain, and congestion. Water pollution caused nearly 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to contamination of drinking water is treated by the sewage in developing countries oil spills can cause inflammation of skin and skin rashes. noise pollution causes hearing loss, high blood pressure stress and sleep disturbance. been linked mercury deficient in growth in children and symptoms neurological neuroscience shows that lead and other heavy metals may cause neurological problems. could cause chemicals and radioactive

بارك الله فيك على الاضافة جيدة
عودة موفقة الى منتدياتك وبيت
الثاني ...

ولو أخي ،، العفــو في أي وقـــت
هدا بيتي نروح نروح ونرجع ليـــه خيي
،، كرسي

بارك الله فيك
موضوع في القمة

مـشڪۅۅۅۅۅږﮤ عـڵــے مـچھۅﮂٱﭤڪ

شكرا جزيلا لكم مجهود رائع وكبير

بارك الله فيك

مشكوووووورةوالله يعطيك الف عافيه