بحث الانجليزية ص 72 - السنة الثانية ثانوي
 

Provided المقدمة
Praise be to Allah, prayer and peace be upon His Messengers ..
At the outset we would like to explain why our choice of this particular subject to write it when we saw the state of the environment on progress in this wide world in general and especially our municipality. Have spread disease and many children died because of environmental pollution.
So we like to discuss this longstanding and pose solutions that we see fit. It may be beneficial to the reader when read. Nerj



Chapter I:
A - the definition of pollution: تعريـف التلوث:
He knew where the pollution in different ways: that pollution is the development of materials in other appropriate ********s or that pollution of the environment (intentional or unintentional) with human excrement.
There are some definitions most detailed and accurate, such as the definition and Holstr Portoz, identified a comprehensive definition of pollution through the definition of pollution, polluter is a substance or effect leads to a change in the rate of growth species into the environment contrary to the toxins enter the food chain or contrary to the health or comfort or with the values of society.
And the intervention of contaminants to the environment in significant quantities of material in the form of waste and litter or spin-offs from industries or certain activities of man and usually involves pollution to dissipate energy (thermal, acoustic or vibration) and, in general, the pollution damage the vital functions of class (Biosphere) that surround the globe ... and this damage can be summarized as follows:
1 - harm to human health through pollution of air, soil, food, chemicals and other radioactive materials.
2 - damage to crops and plants, water, soil and animals.
3 - damage to the aesthetic aspects of the environment such as smoke, dust, noise and waste and garbage.
4 - damage that can not be felt only in the long run, but having a cumulative impact, such as cancers (materials that lead to cancer), radioactive materials and noise.





B - Types of pollution: أنواع التلوث :
1 - food contamination:
Resulted in the overuse of agricultural fertilizers and pesticides to a number of adverse health and economic food for human consumption, and grew up as a result of the food contamination.
2 - Air pollution:
Air pollution occurs from different sources, which may be natural or the various activities of man, Vatabieip such as: storms and thunders and rain, earthquakes and floods. And contribute to the bulk of the rights of air pollution by sewage, waste and industrial waste, agricultural, medical and oil and petroleum products, pesticides and fertilizers, radioactive materials , and this might cause many damages to the ecosystem.
3 - Water pollution:
Down to the ground water in the form of pure, free of microbial pathogens or other contaminants, but as a result of the massive industrial development subject to several problems which turn into water unfit for drinking and consumption. One of the most examples of contamination of water including rain launched factory fumes and gases, As a result, created the so-called acid rain. The contaminated water in many different pollutants Vilut For example, remnants of sanitation and various chemical detergents and some mineral elements such as: lead, mercury, phosphates and nitrates, chlorine and oil.
4 - radioactive contamination:
Cause rights in air pollution differs from the known contaminants, a radioactive contamination, which is at present the most serious environmental pollutants. May show the impact of this pollution is rapidly and surprise on the organism, and it may take a long time to appear in future generations, and since the Second World War and so far present a person could use the radioactive materials in the production of dangerous nuclear and hydrogen bombs.

5 - ****l pollution:
The problem of pollution of toxic mineral elements in the present time the most important problems facing professionals in the field of environment, so they are of extreme health damage to human health. This problem was exacerbated as a result of the rapid development in various industrial fields, for example, the proportion of carbon monoxide in the air. The element of lead have been observed increase constantly as a result of the burning of many fuels and vehicles.
6 - Noise:
Increase the intensity of noise in the modern world significantly, no longer limited to major cities and industrial zones, but arrived to the countryside, and a person can make a noise through the establishment of methods to modern cars, railways, aircraft and agricultural machinery industry. And did not hand over the homes of noise when he mocked rights all means of modern technology for the well-being of radio, television, cleaning tools, kitchen utensils, etc., in other words, the noise has invaded the few remaining ****ters for silence in the world. And perhaps even the end of this century will not find any room still exists to turn to if he wants to escape to a quiet spot.
There are many types of pollutants, the countless other in the world.


Chapter II
1 - Pollution Damage: أضرار التلوث :
A - Air pollution: air pollution contributed to the spread of many bacteria that cause diseases of people, including: influenza, the deadly epidemic diseases that spread quickly in the middle of the environment and disease, anthrax and plague, cholera, smallpox and fever, as well as incidences of human poisoning due to the effects of harmful compounds volatile arsenic as a result of microbial activity of some fungal species, as a major impact on the ozone layer and destroyed.
B - water pollution: the most important water pollution damages health, sanitation remnants of which have a number of pathogens such as certain bacterial species and fungal and viral diseases. The result of water pollution to the poisoning of marine organisms, and become part of the oil to eat small balls by fish, thus impacting directly on the food chain and cause water pollution, micro-organisms to the occurrence of many diseases such as typhoid fever, polio virus, as well as parasites.
C - radioactive contamination: the most important diseases to humans because of the emergence of radiation skin redness or blackening of the eye, atrophy also occurs in the cells of the bone marrow and collapsed in germ cells, also show some effects at a late stage of human life, such as leukemia and cancer of the thyroid White thyroid and lung cancer, leading to a decrease in white blood cells and intestinal infections and to reach beyond the risks to plants, fish, birds, leading to upset the ecological balance, and damage the food chain.
D - the noise: noise affecting the cortex of the brain and lead to a decrease in activity, and leads to provoke anxiety and discomfort of internal tension and confusion and lack of harmony and compromise the health and lead to high blood pressure and pain in the head and ringing in the ears, sensitivity and rapid fatigue, and suffer from sleep of others quiet and disturbing dreams and partial loss of appetite, in addition to the discomfort and depression and this is reflected in the ability to work and production, and affect the cardiovascular system and cause irregular heartbeats and high blood pressure and narrowing the arteries and increase in heart rate in addition to the extreme tension and insomnia.


2 - and ways to address the pollution: وسائل معالجة التلوث :
A - Air pollution: تلوث الهواء :
1 - As the responsible of the sulfur oxides of sulfur pollution, we must be fully extracted and that this process is expensive,
Exists in the fuel, coal and oil used in industry are advised reducing the proportion of its existence.
2 - To reduce the gases and particulates from smokestacks as remnants of the chemical methods of production to find a sealed, as recommended by using various means to collect particles and gases, such as the use of chemical precipitators and equipment for combustion and towers and the use of filters.
3 - The search for an alternative source of energy that does not use the fuel-bearing large quantities of lead or sulfur, and may be regarded as natural gas is less polluting sources of energy intake.
4 - periodic check on vehicles used and the exclusion of the damaged ones.
5 - improvements and modifications in the design of car engines.
6 - Continue to large-scale reforestation program on the major cities.
7 - Agreement with the manufacturer of the car so that it would reduce the exhaust of this, before embarking on import cars.
B - water pollution: تلـوث المــاء :
1 - Setting the exact specifications of vessels allowed to enter the Gulf, including the release of the waste oils, and the responsibility which the rules for protection of the sea.
2 - Control of pollution of sea water on a regular basis, especially near Bmbbat discharge from factories.
3 - the establishment of marine protected areas on the shore of the Arabian Gulf, and in areas that include the more accurate marine organisms living in the world.
4 - for oil pollution using various means, including: - guarded the use of solvents for the deposition of oil in the seabed or the ocean. And uses this method in the case of oil spills in large quantities near the beaches and fear the risk of fire.
5 - For the sewage is then required not to make the water in the maritime waters before treatment

و هذه التكملة نتاعو تفضلو








C - Noise: الضوضاء :
1 - set limits for the maximum noise caused by cars and are allowed in the streets of cities as is the case in some developed countries.
2 - application of the noise certification of new aircraft.
3 - taking into account the establishment of new airports, especially for supersonic aircraft away from the cities far enough.
4 - not to grant licenses for the factories that make noise to take place within residential areas, industrial zones, there will be outside the cities.
5 - take care of afforestation, especially in the busy streets means of transportation, as well as to increase the area of gardens and public parks within cities.
D - soil contamination:
1 - Expanding the cultivation of trees around the fields and on the banks of lakes, canals and banks and agricultural roads.
2 - must be patient in the use of agricultural pesticides great deliberation.
3 - must be done adequate study before expanding the use of chemical fertilizers of all kinds.


الثلوثات و الاجراءات المتخدة في بلديتنا
Among Althelothat in our municipality as follows:
* Noise (noise) and the different means of transport.
* Dust
* Sewage flowing
* Household waste and animals
Although the municipal for adopting preventive measures to minimize this topic Althelothat the spectrum of:
* Speed up the roads and pavements
* Completion of a new drainage channels
* Tree-planting
* Place trash baskets


المدينة المستقبلية
Map City of the Future
The general ******** of future Medinpalebadlp
Tbaadalmedinp 16.25 kilometers from the ancient city located at the crossroads of National Road No. 06 towards Tindouf and Timimoun. Close to the agricultural plain of the ancient city
City transport
Central Delta bus lines to link the city old city
And persons associated with the city by:
• Cars for mass transport and micro buses to link the city's neighborhoods together.
General outline of the city
Urban cluster area of the city 10 thousand and total area of 10.4 thousand acres.
• It is expected that the number of residents of a city of 500 thousand people upon completion of their growth.
Housing activity
abadla residential plots for individuals, investment companies, residential resorts, as well as pilot projects
The authority also established a number 14206 housing units including the number of 5205 housing units and the future of youth
:: Services Projects::
• total area is 1.7 thousand feddans in the service, and offers the city's urban planning, plots of different services (Tahlmymp - healthy - cultural - religious - recreational - commercial)
• The Authority has established a number 34 service buildings.
:: Agricultural activity::
includes the cultivation of the Green Belt, planting methods cultivation of fruits and summer wheat

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